sudo apt search fcitx
sudo apt install fcitx-pinyinvim ~/.bashrc
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"参考： https://www.itread01.com/content/1546843322.html https://www.jianshu.com/p/33e37b78e03f
c - v, m - v, c - l, 前滚，后滚，居中或者顶部或者底部
c - p, c - n, 上一行，下一行
c - b, c - f, m - b, m - f, 下一个，上一个， 下一词，上一词
c - a, c - e, m - a, m - e, 行首，行尾，句首，句尾
m - <, m - >, 文首，文尾
c - u 数值 c - v 这样的命令用于重复执行数值次数的命令. 如果重复的是 c-n，那么只是光标下移多少行，如果是 c-v，那么不是翻多少页，而是页面整体滚动多少行。
c - g 停止并取消命令
c-x k 关闭当前的buffer
c-x 1 只保留一个窗口。
删除以下3种
del, c-d, 删除前一个，删除后一个
m-del, m-d, 删除前一个词，删除后一个词语
c-k, m-k, 删除到行尾，删除到句尾
粘贴
c-y, m-y， 粘贴， 粘贴之后的文本选择
c-@ 选中
c-w 剪切
m-w 复制
c-/ 撤销
c-x c-f 打开文件
c-x c-s 保存当前文件
c-x s 保存所有改变了的文件
c-x c-c 退出 emacs
c-x c-b 列出所有当前 buffer
c-x b 输入 buffer 名字，然后跳转buffer
c-z 在命令行界面停止 emacs，然后可以执行其他命令， %emacs 恢复 emacs
c-x u 撤销
c-x, m-x, 单个按键命令，命令词命令
m-x 额外命令，输入的时候，输入几个字母后，按空格，会补充命令到 ‘-’ 字符， 按 tab 按键可以补充完整。比如 replace-string, 可以输入 repl 然后空格，再输入 s，然后 tab。
原功能 目标功能 caps lctrl lctrl return return rctrl rctrl caps
sudo vim /usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/evdev
<RTRN> = 37;
<CAPS> = 105;
<LCTL> = 66;
<RCTL> = 36;参考： https://blog.csdn.net/Elliott_Yoho/article/details/78650838
00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,05,00,00,00,1d,00,3a,00,1c,00,1d,00,
1d,e0,1c,00,3a,00,1d,e0,00,00,00,00导出的注册表是：
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout]
"Scancode Map"=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,05,00,00,00,1d,00,3a,00,1c,00,1d,00,\
1d,e0,1c,00,3a,00,1d,e0,00,00,00,00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout\DosKeybCodes]
"00000402"="bg"
"00000404"="ch"
"00000405"="cz"
"00000406"="dk"
"00000407"="gr"
"00000408"="gk"
"00000409"="us"
"0000040a"="sp"
"0000040b"="su"
"0000040c"="fr"
"0000040e"="hu"
"0000040f"="is"
"00000410"="it"
"00000411"="jp"
"00000412"="ko"
"00000413"="nl"
"00000414"="no"
"00000415"="pl"
"00000416"="br"
"00000418"="ro"
"00000419"="ru"
"0000041a"="yu"
"0000041b"="sl"
"0000041C"="us"
"0000041d"="sv"
"0000041f"="tr"
"00000422"="us"
"00000423"="us"
"00000424"="yu"
"00000425"="et"
"00000426"="us"
"00000427"="us"
"00000442"="tk"
"00000452"="uk"
"0000046e"="sf"
"00000804"="ch"
"00000807"="sg"
"00000809"="uk"
"0000080a"="la"
"0000080c"="be"
"00000813"="be"
"00000816"="po"
"00000c04"="ch"
"00000c0c"="cf"
"00000c1a"="us"
"00001004"="ch"
"00001009"="us"
"0000100c"="sf"
"00001404"="ch"
"00001809"="us"
"00010402"="us"
"00010405"="cz"
"00010407"="gr"
"00010408"="gk"
"00010409"="dv"
"0001040a"="sp"
"0001040e"="hu"
"00010410"="it"
"00010415"="pl"
"00010418"="ro"
"00010419"="ru"
"0001041b"="sl"
"0001041f"="tr"
"00010426"="us"
"00010c0c"="cf"
"00010c1a"="us"
"00020402"="bg"
"00020408"="gk"
"00020409"="us"
"00020418"="ro"
"00020422"="us"
"00030402"="bg"
"00030409"="usl"
"00040402"="bg"
"00040409"="usr"
"00050408"="gk"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout\DosKeybIDs]
"00000410"="141"
"0000041f"="179"
"00000442"="440"
"00010408"="220"
"00010410"="142"
"00010415"="214"
"0001041f"="440"
"00020408"="319"参考： https://liang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/84637767?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromBaidu-1.control&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromBaidu-1.control https://blog.csdn.net/lhdalhd1996/article/details/90741092
http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.3/ 或者国内的交大 https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.3/
# Necessary to build GCC.
MPFR=mpfr-2.4.2
GMP=gmp-4.3.2
MPC=mpc-0.8.1
ISL=isl-0.12.2
CLOOG=cloog-0.18.1https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/gnu/ 可以下载 gcc, mpfr, gmp https://sourceforge.net/projects/d2718c/ 可以下载好几个东西，但是速度是个问题。 https://src.fedoraproject.org/lookaside/extras/gcc/isl-0.12.2.tar.bz2 可以下载 isl ，速度还可以。
cd ..
mkdir gcc-4.9.3-build-temp
cd gcc-4.9.3-build-tempGNAT is required to build ada 这个因为不需要 ada，所以直接在 language 选项里面去掉 ada 就可以了。 参考： http://gcc.1065356.n8.nabble.com/GNAT-is-required-to-build-ada-td692409.html https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/15867 https://github.com/owent-utils/bash-shell/issues/2
In file included from ../../gcc-4.9.3/gcc/cp/except.c:1013:cfns.gperf:101:1: error: ‘const char libc_name_p(const char, unsigned int)’ redeclared inline with ‘gnu_inline’ attribute
这个使用 4.9.4 版本就可以了。 参考： https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=831142 https://github.com/jens-maus/RaspberryMatic/issues/28
/md-unwind-support.h: In function ‘aarch64_fallback_frame_state’:error: field ‘uc’ has incomplete typestruct ucontext uc; 这个是因为 glibc 有更新导致的，需要修改 gcc-4.9.4/libgcc/config/XXX/linux_unwind.h 这个头文件，把 struct ucontext uc; 去掉，换成 ucontext_t uc; 因为 /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h 里面是这个定义。所以要按照新的 libc 来修改一下。当然也可以打补丁代替手动修改。
参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46999900/how-to-compile-gcc-6-4-0-with-gcc-7-2-in-archlinux https://blog.csdn.net/XCCCCZ/article/details/80958414 https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/project/buildroot/patch/20170923212414.16744-10-romain.naour@gmail.com/ http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/buildroot/2017-September/202526.html https://blog.csdn.net/wang805447391/article/details/83380302 https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/566650/how-do-i-compile-gcc-5-from-source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52498431/compile-gcc6-4-0-using-gcc8-1-1 https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=blobdiff;f=libgcc/config/aarch64/linux-unwind.h;h=d46d5f53be379ec2dbc9a5ba95d51e22c1d52c2f;hp=d5d6980442fd47b1f1e499e99cb25b5fffbdbeb3;hb=883312dc79806f513275b72502231c751c14ff72;hpb=601d22f69093aa98dcf9593bc138da7ba8281e05 https://gcc.gnu.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=gcc.git;h=883312dc79806f513275b72502231c751c14ff72
/home/openailab/Downloads/test/gcc-4.9.4-build-temp/./gcc/xgcc: /home/openailab/Downloads/test/gcc-4.9.4-build-temp/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by /home/openailab/Downloads/test/gcc-4.9.4-build-temp/./gcc/xgcc)
make[3]: *** [Makefile:942: libgcc_s.so] Error 1这个错误网上找不到解决方法，这个尝试暂停。
https://www.cnblogs.com/succeed/p/6204438.html https://www.cnblogs.com/alianbog/p/12498915.html https://developer.aliyun.com/article/90390 https://blog.csdn.net/llh_1178/article/details/79329250 https://www.theobroma-systems.com/rk3399-q7-user-manual/04-software.html https://www.jianshu.com/p/0caef3ce8e06 https://gcc.gnu.org/install/ https://www.cnblogs.com/uestc-mm/p/7511063.html https://blog.csdn.net/xiexievv/article/details/50620170 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/107133028 https://www.jianshu.com/p/fc162672fae2 https://blog.csdn.net/u013946356/article/details/83106133
CV_EXPORTS int createTrackbar(const string& trackbarname, const string& winname,
int* value, int count,
TrackbarCallback onChange = 0,
void* userdata = 0);形式参数一、trackbarname：滑动空间的名称；
形式参数二、winname：滑动空间用于依附的图像窗口的名称；
形式参数三、value：初始化阈值；
形式参数四、count：滑动控件的刻度范围；
形式参数五、TrackbarCallback是回调函数，其定义如下：
typedef void (CV_CDECL *TrackbarCallback)(int pos, void* userdata);参考： https://blog.csdn.net/mysee1989/article/details/41379817 https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.1/dc/dfa/Morphology_1_8cpp-example.html#a20
Rect类的使用
rect = rect ± point (shifting a rectangle by a certain offset)
rect = rect ± size (expanding or shrinking a rectangle by a certain amount)
rect += point, rect -= point, rect += size, rect -= size (augmenting operations)
rect = rect1 & rect2 (rectangle intersection)
rect = rect1 | rect2 (minimum area rectangle containing rect1 and rect2 )
rect &= rect1, rect |= rect1 (and the corresponding augmenting operations)
rect == rect1, rect != rect1 (rectangle comparison)参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/happyamyhope/p/9844629.html
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/u013806541/article/details/70154719
string formated_str = format("I have made %d dollars on this product.", 500);参考： https://blog.csdn.net/yiyeshuanglinzui/article/details/108388683
Mat(int rows, int cols, int type)， 直接使用属性就行。
m.rows
m.cols参考： https://blog.csdn.net/renweiyi1487/article/details/101616758
void cv::putText ( InputOutputArray img,
const String & text,
Point org,
int fontFace,
double fontScale,
Scalar color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
bool bottomLeftOrigin = false
) cv::putText(image, text, origin, font_face, font_scale, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 255), thickness, 8, 0);参考：https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d6/d6e/group__imgproc__draw.html#ga5126f47f883d730f633d74f07456c576 https://blog.csdn.net/guduruyu/article/details/68491211
Rect boundRect = boundingRect( contours_poly[i] );参考： https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/da/d0c/tutorial_bounding_rects_circles.html
void cv::rectangle ( InputOutputArray img,
Point pt1,
Point pt2,
const Scalar & color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
int shift = 0
)
void cv::rectangle ( Mat & img,
Rect rec,
const Scalar & color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
int shift = 0
) rectangle(src, boundRect[i], Scalar(0, 255, 0));
rectangle(flipFrame, Point(roi_ws, roi_hs), Point(roi_we, roi_he), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 0)
参考： https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d6/d6e/group__imgproc__draw.html#ga07d2f74cadcf8e305e810ce8eed13bc9 https://kknews.cc/code/66yekj3.html
◆ contourArea()
double cv::contourArea ( InputArray contour,
bool oriented = false
) fabs(contourArea(Mat(c)));参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga2c759ed9f497d4a618048a2f56dc97f1 https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.1/dd/d9d/segment_objects_8cpp-example.html#a1
◆ dilate()
void cv::dilate ( InputArray src,
OutputArray dst,
InputArray kernel,
Point anchor = Point(-1,-1),
int iterations = 1,
int borderType = BORDER_CONSTANT,
const Scalar & borderValue = morphologyDefaultBorderValue()
) dilate(mid_filer,gray_dilate1,element);参考： https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d4/d86/group__imgproc__filter.html#ga4ff0f3318642c4f469d0e11f242f3b6c https://www.itread01.com/articles/1478557515.html https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.1/d8/dc0/morphology2_8cpp-example.html#a10 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40326127 https://www.jianshu.com/p/ee72f5215e07 https://www.cnblogs.com/ssyfj/p/9276999.html
findContours(image,contours,hierarchy,RETR_TREE,CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE,Point());查找轮廓的参数导致的结果，参考： https://blog.csdn.net/dcrmg/article/details/51987348
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/wanggao_1990/article/details/53150926 https://blog.csdn.net/guyuealian/article/details/70159660
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/u013270326/article/details/72821149
absdiff(frameNow,framePre,frameDet);参考： https://blog.csdn.net/dcrmg/article/details/52234929
flip()
void cv::flip ( InputArray src,
OutputArray dst,
int flipCode
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d2/de8/group__core__array.html#gaca7be533e3dac7feb70fc60635adf441
◆ Mat() [15/29]
cv::Mat::Mat ( const Mat & m,
const Range & rowRange,
const Range & colRange = Range::all()
) roiFrame = Mat(flipFrame, Range(roi_hs, roi_he), Range(roi_ws, roi_we));参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/d63/classcv_1_1Mat.html#a92a3e9e5911a2eb0cf0950a0a9670c76
◆ cvtColor()
void cv::cvtColor ( InputArray src,
OutputArray dst,
int code,
int dstCn = 0
) cvtColor(roiFrame, hsvFrame, COLOR_BGR2HSV)inRange()
void cv::inRange ( InputArray src,
InputArray lowerb,
InputArray upperb,
OutputArray dst
) inRange(hsvFrame, Scalar(0, 20, 70), Scalar(20, 255, 255), maskFrame);参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d2/de8/group__core__array.html#ga48af0ab51e36436c5d04340e036ce981 https://docs.opencv.org/master/d6/d7f/samples_2cpp_2camshiftdemo_8cpp-example.html#a33
参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#gadf1ad6a0b82947fa1fe3c3d497f260e0 https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga2c759ed9f497d4a618048a2f56dc97f1
◆ drawContours()
void cv::drawContours ( InputOutputArray image,
InputArrayOfArrays contours,
int contourIdx,
const Scalar & color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
InputArray hierarchy = noArray(),
int maxLevel = INT_MAX,
Point offset = Point()
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d6/d6e/group__imgproc__draw.html#ga746c0625f1781f1ffc9056259103edbc
◆ arcLength()
double cv::arcLength ( InputArray curve,
bool closed
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga8d26483c636be6b35c3ec6335798a47c
◆ approxPolyDP()
void cv::approxPolyDP ( InputArray curve,
OutputArray approxCurve,
double epsilon,
bool closed
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga0012a5fdaea70b8a9970165d98722b4c
◆ convexHull()
void cv::convexHull ( InputArray points,
OutputArray hull,
bool clockwise = false,
bool returnPoints = true
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga014b28e56cb8854c0de4a211cb2be656
◆ convexityDefects()
void cv::convexityDefects ( InputArray contour,
InputArray convexhull,
OutputArray convexityDefects
) 注意： contour 是 vector
如果有报错： OpenCV Error: Assertion failed (hpoints > 0) in convexityDefects, file /home/neha/opencv-3.4.0/modules/imgproc/src/convhull.cpp, line 284 terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception' what(): /home/neha/opencv-3.4.0/modules/imgproc/src/convhull.cpp:284: error:
(-215) hpoints > 0 in function convexityDefects
那么需要检查 convexhull 是不是 vector
参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#gada4437098113fd8683c932e0567f47ba https://github.com/wonderseen/Sparse-Points-Gen-Convex/issues/1
参考： https://www.coder.work/article/826469
◆ circle()
void cv::circle ( InputOutputArray img,
Point center,
int radius,
const Scalar & color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
int shift = 0
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d6/d6e/group__imgproc__draw.html#gaf10604b069374903dbd0f0488cb43670
https://blog.csdn.net/caomin1hao/article/details/81876836
◆ line()
void cv::line ( InputOutputArray img,
Point pt1,
Point pt2,
const Scalar & color,
int thickness = 1,
int lineType = LINE_8,
int shift = 0
) 参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d6/d6e/group__imgproc__draw.html#ga7078a9fae8c7e7d13d24dac2520ae4a2
◆ GaussianBlur()
void cv::GaussianBlur ( InputArray src,
OutputArray dst,
Size ksize,
double sigmaX,
double sigmaY = 0,
int borderType = BORDER_DEFAULT
)模糊参数的影响效果可以参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/sdu20112013/p/11600436.html
参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d4/d86/group__imgproc__filter.html#gaabe8c836e97159a9193fb0b11ac52cf1
具体可参考： http://www.zfhblog.com/index.php/archives/22/ https://www.cnblogs.com/Anita9002/p/5332122.html https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/d1d/tutorial_hull.html https://blog.csdn.net/lichengyu/article/details/38392473
cv::Mat dst(300, 300, image.type());
cv::resize(image, dst, dst.size(), 0, 0, cv::INTER_LINEAR);参考： https://blog.csdn.net/i_chaoren/article/details/54564663 https://blog.csdn.net/u012005313/article/details/51943442 https://www.jianshu.com/p/11879a49d1a0
cv::Mat image;
image = cv::imread(imgPath);
memcpy(data, image.data, image.dataend - image.datastart);参考: https://www.jianshu.com/p/cfc0c1f87bf8
Mat mat3 = Mat::zeros(1, 4, CV_32F);
mat3.release();参考: https://blog.csdn.net/wanggao_1990/article/details/53150926
def GaussianBlur(src, ksize, sigmaX, dst=None, sigmaY=None, borderType=None):
"""
使用高斯滤波器模糊图像
Argument:
src: 原图像
dst: 目标图像
ksize: 高斯核的大小；(width, height)；两者都是正奇数；如果设为0，则可以根据sigma得到；
sigmaX: X方向的高斯核标准差；
sigmaY: Y方向的高斯核标准差；
如果sigmaY设为0，则与sigmaX相等；
如果两者都为0，则可以根据ksize来计算得到；
（推荐指定ksize，sigmaX，sigmaY）
borderType: pixel extrapolation method
"""参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/chenzhen0530/p/10742536.html https://blog.csdn.net/wuqindeyunque/article/details/103694900
img = cv2.imread('3.jpg',1)
cv2.imshow('imshow',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows() cv2.namedWindow('image', cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()cv2.namedWindow()函数可以指定窗口是否可以调整大小。在默认情况下，标志为cv2.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE。但是，如果指定标志为cv2.WINDOW_Normal，则可以调整窗口的大小。当图像尺寸太大，并在窗口中添加跟踪条时，这些操作可以让我们的工作更方便一点。
cv2.waitKey(0): 是一个和键盘绑定的函数，它的作用是等待一个键盘的输入（因为我们创建的图片窗口如果没有这个函数的话会闪一下就消失了，所以如果需要让它持久输出，我们可以使用该函数）。它的参数是毫秒级。该函数等待任何键盘事件的指定毫秒。如果您在此期间按下任何键，程序将继续进行。我们也可以将其设置为一个特定的键。
cv2.destroyALLWindows(): 销毁我们创建的所有窗口。如果要销毁任何特定窗口，请使用函数cv2.destroyWindow()，其中传递确切的窗口名称作为参数。(应该是使用创建窗口时所使用的窗口名称，字符串类型。)
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38383877/article/details/82659779
ord() 函数用来获得按键对应的 ASCII 码，用来和 waitKey() 返回值进行对比。
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):参考： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39377418/article/details/101393007 https://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-ord.html
参考： https://www.jianshu.com/p/949683764115
参考： https://www.jianshu.com/p/bb34ddf2a947
def cvtColor(src, code, dst=None, dstCn=None):
"""
转换图像的颜色空间
Argument:
src: 原图像；
code: 指定颜色空间转换类型；
dst: 目标图像；与原图像大小深度一致；
dstCn: 指定目标图像通道数；默认None，则会根据src、code自动计算；
"""参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/chenzhen0530/p/10741264.html
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/u014737138/article/details/80388482 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/42940310
def threshold(src, thresh, maxval, type, dst=None):
"""
设置固定级别的阈值应用于多通道矩阵
例如，将灰度图像变换二值图像，或去除指定级别的噪声，或过滤掉过小或者过大的像素点；
Argument:
src: 原图像
dst: 目标图像
thresh: 阈值
type: 指定阈值类型；下面会列出具体类型；
maxval: 当type指定为THRESH_BINARY或THRESH_BINARY_INV时，需要设置该值；
"""参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/chenzhen0530/p/10742540.html https://www.cnblogs.com/yinliang-liang/p/9293310.html
dst = cv2.dilate(src,kernel,anchor,iterations,borderType,borderValue)
src: 输入图像对象矩阵,为二值化图像
kernel:进行腐蚀操作的核，可以通过函数getStructuringElement()获得
anchor:锚点，默认为(-1,-1)
iterations:腐蚀操作的次数，默认为1
borderType: 边界种类
borderValue:边界值参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/silence-cho/p/11069903.html https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/110330329 https://www.aiuai.cn/aifarm350.html https://www.cnblogs.com/my-love-is-python/p/10394908.html
参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/wmy-ncut/p/9889294.html https://blog.csdn.net/gaoranfighting/article/details/34877549
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/nima1994/article/details/90542992
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/greatwall_sdut/article/details/108862018
参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/Anita9002/p/8033101.html
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/Gaowang_1/article/details/103087922
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/GAN_player/article/details/78155283
https://blog.csdn.net/hgkdzbf6/article/details/102093323
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/sunny2038/article/details/9137759
flip(src, flipCode[, dst]) flipCode Anno 1 水平翻转 0 垂直翻转 -1 水平垂直翻转
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/JNingWei/article/details/78753607
Mat() [15/29]
cv::Mat::Mat ( const Mat & m,
const Range & rowRange,
const Range & colRange = Range::all()
) roi = frame[0 : 300, 0: 300]注意第一组参数是 height / row，第二组参数是 width / col. 注意这个范围是 左闭右开的。 参考：https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/d63/classcv_1_1Mat.html#a92a3e9e5911a2eb0cf0950a0a9670c76
ret, frame = capture.read()
width = 500
frame = imutils.resize(frame, width)
height = frame.shape[1]
print("width %d, height %d\n" % (frame.shape[0], frame.shape[1]))参考： https://vimsky.com/zh-tw/examples/detail/python-method-imutils.resize.html
色相(H)：色彩的顏色名稱，如紅色、黃色等。 飽和度(S)：色彩的純度，越高色彩越純，低則逐漸變灰，數值為0-100%。 明度(V)：亮度，數值為0-100%。
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)参考： https://shengyu7697.github.io/blog/2020/03/22/Python-OpenCV-rgb-to-hsv/ https://blog.csdn.net/u012193416/article/details/79312798 https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/da/d97/tutorial_threshold_inRange.html
skin = np.array([0, 20, 70], dtype = np.uint8)参考： https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html
◆ inRange()
void cv::inRange ( InputArray src,
InputArray lowerb,
InputArray upperb,
OutputArray dst
)
Python:
dst = cv.inRange( src, lowerb, upperb[, dst] )
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
Checks if array elements lie between the elements of two other arrays.
The function checks the range as follows:
For every element of a single-channel input array:
dst(I)=lowerb(I)0≤src(I)0≤upperb(I)0
For two-channel arrays:
dst(I)=lowerb(I)0≤src(I)0≤upperb(I)0∧lowerb(I)1≤src(I)1≤upperb(I)1
and so forth.
That is, dst (I) is set to 255 (all 1 -bits) if src (I) is within the specified 1D, 2D, 3D, ... box and 0 otherwise.
When the lower and/or upper boundary parameters are scalars, the indexes (I) at lowerb and upperb in the above formulas should be omitted. mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, skin_low, skin_up) contours = cv2.findContours(mask, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
contours = imutils.grab_contours(contours)
cv2.drawContours(frame, contours, -1, (0, 255, 0), 3)参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48948769/how-to-draw-contours-using-opencv-in-python
◆ arcLength()
double cv::arcLength ( InputArray curve,
bool closed
)
Python:
retval = cv.arcLength( curve, closed )
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
Calculates a contour perimeter or a curve length.
The function computes a curve length or a closed contour perimeter.
Parameters
curve Input vector of 2D points, stored in std::vector or Mat.
closed Flag indicating whether the curve is closed or not. cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#ga8d26483c636be6b35c3ec6335798a47c https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_imgproc/py_contours/py_contour_features/py_contour_features.html
◆ approxPolyDP()
void cv::approxPolyDP ( InputArray curve,
OutputArray approxCurve,
double epsilon,
bool closed
)
Python:
approxCurve = cv.approxPolyDP( curve, epsilon, closed[, approxCurve] )
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
Approximates a polygonal curve(s) with the specified precision.
The function cv::approxPolyDP approximates a curve or a polygon with another curve/polygon with less vertices so that the distance between them is less or equal to the specified precision. It uses the Douglas-Peucker algorithm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramer-Douglas-Peucker_algorithm
Parameters
curve Input vector of a 2D point stored in std::vector or Mat
approxCurve Result of the approximation. The type should match the type of the input curve.
epsilon Parameter specifying the approximation accuracy. This is the maximum distance between the original curve and its approximation.
closed If true, the approximated curve is closed (its first and last vertices are connected). Otherwise, it is not closed. epsilon = 0.0005 * cv2.arcLength(cnt, True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt, epsilon, True)hull = cv2.convexHull(cnt)参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/jclian91/p/9728488.html https://kk665403.pixnet.net/blog/post/403518029-%5Bpython%5D-%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8opencv%E7%B9%AA%E8%A3%BD%E5%87%B8%E5%8C%85(convexhull)-%E8%BC%AA%E5%BB%93(contour
hull = cv2.convexHull(cnt)
hull_list = []
hull_list.append(hull)
cv2.drawContours(frame, hull_list, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)
参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36683556/drawing-convex-hull-of-the-biggest-contour-using-opencv-c https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d7/d1d/tutorial_hull.html https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/d1d/tutorial_hull.html
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)返回的是一个二维数组
[[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]]参考： https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ones.html
通道数，灰度时候为 1， RGB 为 3， RGBA 为 4，RGB555 和 RGB565 是 2。 其实这样看就是字节数，用几个字节来表示像素。 RGB一个像素点的打印如下：
[22 22 15]RGB 一行打印如下：
[[22 22 15]
[18 21 13]
...
[127 126 127]]RGB 图像打印如下：
[[[22 22 15]
[18 21 13]
...
[127 126 127]]
...
[[10 15 16]
[15 13 12]
...
[5 5 5]]]参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28618765/article/details/78618724 https://blog.csdn.net/mvtechnology/article/details/9008499
import traceback
try:
2/0
except Exception as e:
traceback.print_exc()参考： https://blog.csdn.net/feiyang5260/article/details/86661103
cnt = max(contours, key = lambda x: cv2.contourArea(x))参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/bjwu/articles/9028399.html
convexityDefects()
void cv::convexityDefects ( InputArray contour,
InputArray convexhull,
OutputArray convexityDefects
)
Python:
convexityDefects = cv.convexityDefects( contour, convexhull[, convexityDefects] ) epsilon = 0.0005 * cv2.arcLength(cnt, True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt, epsilon, True)
hull = cv2.convexHull(approx, returnPoints = False)
defects = cv2.convexityDefects(approx, hull)如上： 首先对图像简化成简易多边形，然后是生成凸包，最后生成凸性缺陷。 打印 hull如下：
[[165]
[163]
[128]
[124]
...
[209]
[208]
[168]
[166]]打印 defects 如下：
[[[166 168 167 114]]
[[168 208 189 10549]]
[[209 243 229 11994]]
...
[[122 124 123 114]]
[[124 128 125 181]]
[[128 163 152 1784]]
[[163 165 164 186]]]defects 四个数是起始点，结束点，最远点，最远点到 hull 的距离。这些数值都是索引，用来索引的。 approx 打印如下：
[[[193 92]]
[[192 92]]
...
[[192 109]]
[[193 109]]] for i in range(defects.shape[0]):
s, e, f, d = defects[i, 0]
start = tuple(approx[s][0])
end = tuple(approx[e][0])
far = tuple(approx[f][0])
pt = (100, 180)如上，当 i = 0 的时候， sefd 从 defects 里面取出 第一行，第一列的数组，[166 168 167 114]， 即 s = 166, e = 168, f = 167, d = 114。然后 start = tuple(approx[s][0])，即 从 approx 里面取出 166行 0 列的数组，然后转为元组。 这个数组只有两个数值，估计就是像素点的 x, y 值。
参考： https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#gada4437098113fd8683c932e0567f47ba https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/d1d/tutorial_hull.html https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/56360621 https://vimsky.com/zh-tw/examples/detail/python-method-cv2.convexityDefects.html https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/140384182
可以参考： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41562704/article/details/88975569 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/140384182 https://www.pythonf.cn/read/29390 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44885615/article/details/97811684
import cv2
import numpy
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
class EspVisionUtil:
@staticmethod
def cv2ImgAddText(img, txt, left, top, color = (0, 255, 0), size = 20):
# 判断是 opencv 的图片，就转换RGB因为 PIL 和 CV 的颜色格式不同
if (isinstance(img, numpy.ndarray)):
img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
# 创建绘图对象
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
# 字体格式
fontStyle = ImageFont.truetype("SourceHanSansCN-Light.otf", size,
encoding = "utf-8")
# 绘制文本
draw.text((left, top), txt, color, font = fontStyle)
# 转换 opencv 格式
return cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)参考: https://blog.csdn.net/ctwy291314/article/details/91492048 https://www.cnblogs.com/vipstone/p/8998249.html https://blog.csdn.net/javastart/article/details/88796482 https://blog.csdn.net/zizi7/article/details/70145150 https://www.cnblogs.com/arkenstone/p/6961453.html https://www.cnblogs.com/YouXiangLiThon/p/7815124.html https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41895190/article/details/90513453 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/161385206
在 早期版本的时候，显示 sample format 是 s16 在 3.X 版本的时候，显示是 S16P 在 4.X 版本的时候，显示是 FLTP
经过实际测试，这个只是在解码的时候，写入 PCM 的格式。而且和 ffmpeg 本身的 build 相关。 当我们在代码中循环打印 支持的 格式的时候：
printf("support formats: %d \n", *(codec->sample_fmts + i)); 这个 codec 对应的是 AVCodec，它的 sample_fmts 对应的是 const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; AVSampleFormat 的 定义是在 libavutil/samplefmt.h 中。
enum AVSampleFormat {
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE = -1,
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8, ///< unsigned 8 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, ///< signed 16 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32, ///< signed 32 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT, ///< float
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL, ///< double
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8P, ///< unsigned 8 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P, ///< signed 16 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32P, ///< signed 32 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP, ///< float, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBLP, ///< double, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S64, ///< signed 64 bits
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S64P, ///< signed 64 bits, planar
AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB ///< Number of sample formats. DO NOT USE if linking dynamically
};AVCodec 的定义在 libavcodec/avcodec.h 中。 codecpar 是在 AVStream 中定义的，AVCodecParameters *codecpar; AVStream 是在 libavformat/avformat.h 中。 发现 3.X 版本支持的是 1 和 6，对应到 S16 和 S16P， 而 4.X 版本支持的是 3 和 8.对应到 FLT 和 FLTP。
所以使用 3.X 版本解压出来的 PCM 的播放指令是：
play -t raw -r 48k -e signed-integer -b 16 -c 2 test.pcm使用 4.X 版本解压出来的 PCM 的播放指令是：
play -t raw -r 48k -e floating-point -b 32 -c 2 ./data_decode/out.pcm参考： https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/7321 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35226255/audio-sample-format-s16p-ffmpeg-or-audio-codec-bug https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/391984409
https://my.oschina.net/u/4324861/blog/4325767 https://blog.csdn.net/byc6352/article/details/96729348 https://www.cnblogs.com/renhui/p/9209664.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/ranson7zop/p/7655474.html https://blog.csdn.net/xiahouzuoxin/article/details/7849249
https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/41013567
https://www.jianshu.com/p/dce4e2e9ed75 https://blog.csdn.net/bjrxyz/article/details/73435407 https://blog.csdn.net/rrrfff/article/details/18701885?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.channel_param&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.channel_param https://blog.csdn.net/gonner_2011/article/details/77183947?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-title-2&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242 https://blog.csdn.net/jody1989/article/details/75642579 https://blog.csdn.net/ssllkkyyaa/article/details/90400302
http://zhgeaits.me/android/2016/06/17/android-ffmpeg.html
旧版本的写法：
const char * infile = IN_FILE;
const char * outfile = OUT_FILE;
//注册所有容器解码器
av_register_all();
//printf("the video file is %s\n",argv[1]);
AVFormatContext * fmt_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
//打开文件
if (avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, infile , NULL, NULL) < 0) {
printf("open file error");
return -1;
}
//读取音频格式文件信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
printf("find stream info error");
return -1;
}
// 打印出解析到的媒体信息
av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, infile, 0);
//获取音频索引
int audio_stream_index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
if (fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
audio_stream_index = i;
printf("find audio stream index\n");
break;
}
}
if (audio_stream_index == -1) {
printf("did not find a audio stream\n");
return -1;
}
//获取解码器
AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL);
avcodec_parameters_to_context(codec_ctx, fmt_ctx->streams[audio_stream_index]->codecpar);
AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_ctx->codec_id);
if (codec == NULL) {
printf("unsupported codec !\n");
return -1;
}
//打开解码器
if (avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, codec, NULL) < 0) {
printf("could not open codec");
return -1;
}
//分配AVPacket和AVFrame内存，用于接收音频数据，解码数据
AVPacket *packet = av_packet_alloc();
AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
//接收解码结果
int got_frame;
int index = 0;
//pcm输出文件
FILE *out_file = fopen(outfile, "wb");
//将音频数据读入packet
while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, packet) == 0) {
//取音频索引packet
if (packet->stream_index == audio_stream_index) {
//将packet解码成AVFrame
if (avcodec_decode_audio4(codec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, packet) < 0) {
printf("decode error:%d", index);
break;
}
if (got_frame > 0) {
//printf("decode frame:%d", index++);
//想将单个声道pcm数据写入文件
fwrite(frame->data[0], 1, static_cast<size_t>(frame->linesize[0]), out_file);
}
}
}
printf("decode finish...");
//释放资源
av_packet_unref(packet);
av_frame_free(&frame);
avcodec_close(codec_ctx);
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
fclose(out_file);
}新版本的解码这样写：
void decode(const char * infile, const char * outfile)
{
AVFormatContext * fmt_ctx = 0; // ffmpeg的全局上下文，所有ffmpeg操作都需要
AVCodecContext * codec_ctx = 0; // ffmpeg编码上下文
AVCodec * codec = 0; // ffmpeg编码器
AVPacket * packet = 0; // ffmpag单帧数据包
AVFrame * frame = 0; // ffmpeg单帧缓存
FILE * out_file = NULL; // 用于文件操作
int audio_stream_index = -1; // 音频序号
//注册所有容器解码器
av_register_all();
fmt_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
if (fmt_ctx == NULL) {
printf("failed to alloc av format context\n");
goto END;
}
//打开文件
if (avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, infile , NULL, NULL) < 0) {
printf("open file error");
goto END;
}
//读取音频格式文件信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
printf("find stream info error");
goto END;
}
// 打印出解析到的媒体信息
av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, infile, 0);
//获取音频索引
for (int i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
if (fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
audio_stream_index = i;
printf("find audio stream index\n");
break;
}
}
if (audio_stream_index == -1) {
printf("did not find a audio stream\n");
goto END;
}
//获取解码器
codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL);
avcodec_parameters_to_context(codec_ctx, fmt_ctx->streams[audio_stream_index]->codecpar);
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_ctx->codec_id);
if (codec == NULL) {
printf("unsupported codec !\n");
goto END;
}
//打开解码器
if (avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, codec, NULL) < 0) {
printf("could not open codec");
goto END;
}
printf("codec name: %s, channels: %d, sample rate: %d, sample format %d\n", codec->name, codec_ctx->channels, codec_ctx->sample_rate, codec_ctx->sample_fmt);
//分配AVPacket和AVFrame内存，用于接收音频数据，解码数据
packet = av_packet_alloc();
frame = av_frame_alloc();
if (!packet || !frame) {
printf("failed to alloc packet or frame\n");
goto END;
}
//pcm输出文件
out_file = fopen(outfile, "wb");
//将音频数据读入packet
while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, packet) == 0) {
//取音频索引packet
if (packet->stream_index == audio_stream_index) {
int ret = 0;
// 将封装包发往解码器
if ((ret = avcodec_send_packet(codec_ctx, packet))) {
printf("failed to avcodec_send_packet, ret = %d\n", ret);
break;
}
// 从解码器循环拿取数据帧
while (!avcodec_receive_frame(codec_ctx, frame)) {
// 获取每个通道每次采样占用几个字节, S16P格式是2字节
int bytes_num = av_get_bytes_per_sample(codec_ctx->sample_fmt);
for (int index = 0; index < frame->nb_samples; index++) {
// 交错的方式写入
for (int channel = 0; channel < codec_ctx->channels; channel++) {
fwrite((char *)frame->data[channel] + bytes_num * index, 1, bytes_num, out_file);
}
}
av_packet_unref(packet);
}
}
}
printf("decode finish...\n");
//释放资源
END:
fclose(out_file);
if (frame) {
av_frame_free(&frame);
printf("free frame.\n");
}
if (packet) {
av_packet_unref(packet);
printf("free packet.\n");
}
if (codec_ctx) {
avcodec_close(codec_ctx);
printf("free codec context.\n");
}
if (fmt_ctx) {
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
printf("free format context.\n");
}
}编码这样写：
int encode(const char * infile, const char *outfile, uint32_t sample_rate, uint8_t channel_num)
{
// 输入输出文件指针
FILE * in_file = NULL;
FILE * out_file = NULL;
// 打开输入文件
if ((in_file = fopen(infile, "rb+")) == NULL) {
printf("failed to open %s \n", infile);
return -1;
}
// 打开输出文件
if ((out_file = fopen(outfile, "wb+")) == NULL) {
printf("failed to open %s \n", outfile);
fclose(in_file);
return -1;
}
// 初始化编码参数
lame_t lame = lame_init();
// 设置编码参数
lame_set_in_samplerate(lame, sample_rate);
lame_set_VBR(lame, vbr_default);
lame_set_num_channels(lame, channel_num);
// 初始化编码器
lame_init_params(lame);
// 编码时用来存放数据的数组，大小建议为 mp3 的采样率 * 1.25 + 7200
// PCM 通常使用16bit 数据，占用两个字节，如果是双通道，那么读取PCM交错数据时一次最好是 2 * 2 = 4 个字节。
uint32_t size = (sample_rate * 1.25) / (2 * channel_num) * (2 * channel_num) + 7200;
// 申请存放数据内存, 如果申请出错，需要释放占用的资源
int16_t * pcm_buffer = NULL;
uint8_t * mp3_buffer = NULL;
pcm_buffer = (int16_t *)malloc(size);
mp3_buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(size);
if (!pcm_buffer || !mp3_buffer) {
if (pcm_buffer)
free(pcm_buffer);
if (mp3_buffer)
free(mp3_buffer);
lame_close(lame);
fclose(in_file);
fclose(out_file);
printf("buffer malloc error!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("encode start...\n");
// 读取 PCM 的字节数目
size_t read_num = 0;
do {
// 读取 PCM 数据
read_num = fread(pcm_buffer, 1, size, in_file);
// 转换 MP3 数据，如果获得的数目是0，说明转换结束，需要把 lame 转换剩余的数据全部存放到 MP3 数组里面。
int write_num = 0;
if (read_num == 0) {
write_num = lame_encode_flush(lame, mp3_buffer, size);
} else {
write_num = lame_encode_buffer_interleaved(lame, pcm_buffer, static_cast<int>(read_num / sizeof(int16_t) / channel_num), mp3_buffer, size);
}
// 转换后的数据写入文件。
fwrite(mp3_buffer, write_num, 1, out_file);
} while (read_num > 0);
printf("encode finish\n");
// 给文件添加 MP3 的 TAG 信息。
lame_mp3_tags_fid(lame, out_file);
// 释放资源
lame_close(lame);
fclose(in_file);
fclose(out_file);
return 0;
}参考： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41353840/article/details/108000466
https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936/article/details/108799279 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/50534316
https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/50534316 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/42181571 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/8652605 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/15811977 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/50534316 https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/list/3
https://blog.51cto.com/ticktick/1869849 https://blog.51cto.com/ticktick/1872008 https://blog.51cto.com/ticktick/1867059
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2641460/ffmpeg-c-api-documentation-tutorial
参考：https://github.com/leandromoreira/ffmpeg-libav-tutorial/issues/29
http://www.goodkejian.com/erge.htm
参考： https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000016652277 https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1566587
https://github.com/iamyours/FFmpegAudioPlayer https://gitee.com/zouwm1995/ffmpeg-demo/blob/master/demo/2.%E8%A7%A3%E7%A0%81/decode.c https://www.jianshu.com/p/8ff162ac55bd https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44721044/article/details/104736782 https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390401066
https://www.cnblogs.com/CoderTian/p/6655568.html
https://blog.csdn.net/chinabinlang/article/details/47616257 https://blog.csdn.net/disadministrator/article/details/43734335
ffmpeg -codecs | grep mp3https://www.cnblogs.com/liuxia19872003/archive/2012/11/09/2763173.html
ll -th /usr/share/cmake-3.10/Modules/ | grep Findcmake --help-module FindCURL上面这条命令可以看到 cmake 关于 curl 具体能找到哪些东西，可以用于 CMakeLists.txt 的编写。
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/haluoluo211/article/details/80559341
sudo apt install ninja-buildCMakeLists.txt：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
add_executable(hello-world main.c)main.c：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(char argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("Hello world\n");
return 0;
}mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make && cd .. && build/hello-world常用命令：
include_directories(dir)：指定包含的头文件目录 dir
add_subdirectory(subdir)：包含的子目录 subdir，subdir 中也必须存在 CMakeLists.txt
aux_source_directory(dir var)：将 dir 目录下的所有源文件赋值给变量 var
add_library(target src)：用变量 src 指定的源文件生成目标文件 target，目标文件为一个库文件
target_link_libraries(target lib)：链接 lib 到 target
${PROJECT_NAME} 指的是最近的 project(name) 里面的 name.参考： https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/87283287
# Set Environment Variable
# 这个环境变量只对当前cmake工程有效，对外界是无效的。
set(ENV{<variable>} [<value>])
# 找到所有dir目录下的源文件（不会递归遍历子文件夹），源文件是.c文件（也就是makefile中可以生成.o的文件）
aux_source_directory(<dir> <variable>)参考： https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/93895403
${PROJECT_NAME} 和 ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} 这个需要大写。 小写的话，就认为是自定义的，大写的才能对应到 project() 之类的。#注意：如果工程有依赖库的话，ADD_EXECUTABLE指令要放在LINK_DIRECTORIES指令之后，
# 不然会报错：Linking C executable main
# /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lhello
# collect2: ld 返回 1
#1) 设置 cmake 的最低版本
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
#2) 设置 project 名称
project(ffmpeg_test)
#3) 设置代码源文件列表
set(SRC_LIST main.cpp)
#4) 增加头文件搜索路径,解决编译期间找不到头文件的问题
#COMMAND: INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES([AFTER|BEFORE] [SYSTEM] dire1 dire2 ...)
#定义：向工程添加多个特定的头文件搜索路径，路径之间用空格分开，
# 如果路径中包含空格，可以使用双引号括起来
# 默认是追加到当前的头文件搜索路径之后，你可以用2种方式控制搜索路径的添加>方式
# 1)CMAKE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_BEFORE 通过SET设置其为on，使用前置模式
# 2)通过AFTER或BEFORE参数，控制追加还是置前
include_directories("/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu")
#5) 增加库文件: 解决链接期间找不到调用外部接口的问题
#main.cpp:(.text+0x5): undefined reference to `HelloFunc()'
#collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
#6) 增加库文件搜索路径：解决链接期间找不到库文件的问题
#COMMAND: LINK_DIRECTORIES(dir1 dir2 ...)
#定义：添加非标准的共享库搜索路径
#/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lhello
#collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
#好像相对路径会找不到库文件
link_directories("/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu")
#7) 生成二进制文件
add_executable(ffmpeg_test ${SRC_LIST})
#8) 链接库
#COMMAND: TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(target library1
# <debug | optimized> library2
# ...)
#定义：用来为target添加需要链接的共享库
#TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${PROJECT_NAME} hello) #链接动态库指令
#TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${PROJECT_NAME} libhello.a) #链接静态库指令
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE avutil avcodec avformat swscale)参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/jacklikedogs/p/3780064.html https://blog.csdn.net/yangbing1113/article/details/8036707 https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/115652 https://blog.csdn.net/laibowon/article/details/103746594 https://www.cnblogs.com/xianghang123/p/3556425.html https://blog.csdn.net/turbock/article/details/90034787 https://blog.csdn.net/arackethis/article/details/43488177
cmake 命令 参考： https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-commands.7.html cmake 教程 参考： https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.16/guide/tutorial/index.html
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── CMakeLists.txt.bak
├── common.c
├── common.h
├── compile.sh
├── json
│ ├── cJSON.c
│ ├── cJSON.h
│ ├── CJsonObject.cpp
│ ├── CJsonObject.hpp
│ └── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp
├── main.h
├── run.sh
├── sa_in.txt
├── token.c
└── token.h顶层 CMakeLists.txt ：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(sentiment_analysis)
find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIR})
add_subdirectory(json)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp common.c token.c)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CURL_LIBRARY} json_binary)下层 CMakeLists.txt ：
project(json_binary)
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} cJSON.c CJsonObject.cpp)
target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/svenzhang9527/p/10704777.html
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/svenzhang9527/p/10704718.html https://blog.csdn.net/justidle/article/details/105240822
PROJECT(projectname [CXX] [C] [JAVA])
用于指定工程名字，[]为可选内容，默认表示支持所有语言。注意这条指令还隐式定义了另外两个变量<projectName>_BINARY_DIR 和<projectName>_SOURCE_DIR。我们这里的project定义为了hello，所以这两个变量就是${hello_BINARY_DIR} 和 ${hello_SOURCE_DIR}。什么意思呢，可以用message命令打印出来看看他的值。
${hello_BINARY_DIR} ：就是cmake要（构建）编译我们的项目（main.c）的具体路径。这里当然就是build。
${hello_SOURCE_DIR} ：就是我们项目的源码的具体路径，这里当然是项目的根目录。
如果采用的是内部构建的方式，即直接在项目根目录下运行cmake，那这两个变量的值是一样的。不过一般很少使用这两个变量。大家都比较喜欢用 ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} 和 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}.
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/Tommy_wxie/article/details/77675895
interpreter_builder.cc:(.text+0x394): undefined reference to `dlopen'
interpreter_builder.cc:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `dlsym'在链接库里面添加 ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS} 即可
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE tensorflow-lite ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})参考: https://bl.ocks.org/kwk/3595733
thread_pool.cc:(.text+0x228): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
thread_pool.cc:(.text+0x238): undefined reference to `pthread_create'在链接库里面添加 pthread 即可
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE tensorflow-lite pthread ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})参考: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/956640/linux-c-error-undefined-reference-to-dlopen
#opencv 4.+需要c++11以上版本的编译器
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11")
# 引入Opencv包
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
include_directories(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
# 注意use_opencv.cpp是我源代码文件名，你需要改成你源代码名
add_executable(use_opencv use_opencv.cpp)
# 链接OpenCV库
target_link_libraries(use_opencv ${OpenCV_LIBS})参考： https://blog.csdn.net/varyshare/article/details/94162064
#link_directories("./lib")
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} ${ALL_SOURCE_LIST} ./lib/libtensorflow-lite.a)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})上面这种方法，不需要 link_directories 来链接第三方库，只需要生成子文件库的时候，指明需要添加进去的库即可，这样第三方库变为子文件库二进制文件的一部分，所以对于上层来说，只要不直接调用第三方库的 API，那么就不需要添加第三方库的库文件夹路径和头文件夹路径。
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} ${ALL_SOURCE_LIST})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE tensorflow-lite ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})link_directories("./sub/lib")子文件夹下不用把 第三方库编译进去，只需要指明链接的库就行，在顶层 cmake 里面需要指定库所在的路径，否则最后链接库的时候，会找不到这个第三方库。
link_directories("./lib")
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} ${ALL_SOURCE_LIST})
link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE tensorflow-lite ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})这样，在编译子文件夹后，立刻链接第三方库，然后生成子文件夹的二进制文件，这样顶层 cmake 也不需要关心第三方库了。
参考: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000022075547 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/149191302 https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.5/command/link_libraries.html
add_definitionsadd_definitions 作用是代码中的 #define 的功能。类似于 add_definitions(-DTEST_IT_CMAKE) 这样的写法。
option(TEST_IT_CMAKE "test" ON)
message(${TEST_IT_CMAKE})
if(TEST_IT_CMAKE)
message("itis" ${TEST_IT_CMAKE})
add_definitions(-DTEST_IT_CMAKE)
endif()参考: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35699473/article/details/115837708
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/add_definitions.html
代码写法类似
option (USE_MYMATH "Use provided math implementation" ON)
if (USE_MYMATH)
message(STATUS "USE_MYMATH")
elseif (USE_XXX)
message(STATUS "USE_XXX")
endif()if(${address} STREQUAL "ON") 这种字符串比较经过实际测试，发现不起效果，可能是版本问题，或者其他情况。
具体参考: https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/13846640.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/f0f71d36411a
https://blog.csdn.net/maizousidemao/article/details/104103279
https://www.cnblogs.com/rickyk/p/3872568.html
https://blog.csdn.net/Calvin_zhou/article/details/104025714
https://blog.csdn.net/hp_cpp/article/details/110373926
https://blog.csdn.net/lyq308152569/article/details/109388437
add_definitions("-Wall -lpthread -g -rdynamic") 参考: https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/7359422.html
https://blog.csdn.net/liu0808/article/details/79046022/
https://blog.csdn.net/XiaoH0_0/article/details/107513936
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE libtengine-lite.so libface.so ${OpenCV_LIBS} -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=leak )https://www.cnblogs.com/binbinjx/p/5626916.html https://www.cnblogs.com/is-smiling/p/3269059.html https://www.cnblogs.com/coderfenghc/archive/2012/06/23/2559603.html https://blog.csdn.net/bigdog_1027/article/details/79113342
https://ninja-build.org/manual.html#_the_literal_phony_literal_rule https://blog.csdn.net/qiuguolu1108/article/details/103842556 https://www.jianshu.com/p/c4d3ba6c6470 https://ninja-build.org/manual.html https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja https://blog.csdn.net/u010164190/article/details/104932437 https://www.cnblogs.com/fuland/p/3641311.html https://www.cnblogs.com/fuland/p/3641314.html https://www.cnblogs.com/fuland/p/3641317.html https://www.cnblogs.com/sandeepin/p/ninja.html
#!/bin/bash
play -t raw -r 44.1k -e signed-integer -b 16 -c 2 loved.pcm
play -t raw -r 48k -e floating-point -b 32 -c 2 ./data_decode/out.pcm参考： https://blog.csdn.net/lc999102/article/details/80579866
sudo apt-get install libjsoncpp-dev
sudo ln -s /usr/include/jsoncpp/json/ /usr/include/json
sudo apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev
sudo ln -s /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/curl /usr/include/curl
sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev参考： https://blog.csdn.net/zhangpeterx/article/details/92175479
QCoreApplication 在 5.14.2/Src/qtbase/src/corelib/kernel/qcoreapplication.h 里面，定义为 class Q_CORE_EXPORT QCoreApplication。 参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/lyggqm/p/6281581.html
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(ffmpeg_test)
set(SRC_LIST main.cpp)
include_directories("/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu")
link_directories("/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu")
add_executable(ffmpeg_test ${SRC_LIST})
#target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} libavutil.so libavcodec.so libavformat.so libavdevice.so.57 libavfilter.so libswscale.so libpostproc.so)
#target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} libavutil.so libavcodec.so libavformat.so libswscale.so)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} avutil avcodec avformat swscale)参考： https://blog.csdn.net/wangchao1412/article/details/103454371 https://www.jianshu.com/p/72cdcb8d06a7 https://blog.csdn.net/BigDream123/article/details/89741253
pip3 install baidu-aip --user参考： https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37886429/article/details/85222593
参考： https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_37816910/article/details/105054372 https://blog.csdn.net/huplion/article/details/81260874
try:
self.__alsaDev = alsaaudio.PCM(type = alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, mode = alsaaudio.PCM_NORMAL, rate = 16000, channels = 8, format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize = 160, device = "plughw:" + self.__devName)
except Exception as e:
print("alsaaudio open pcm exception: ", e) @staticmethod
def extractToWave(srcPath, destDir = None, destPrefix = None):
(srcDir, fileName) = os.path.split(srcPath)
(fileNoExt, ext) = os.path.splitext(fileName)
if ext == ".wav":
return srcPath
if destDir is None:
destDir = srcDir
if destPrefix is None:
destPrefix = ""
if not os.path.exists(destDir):
os.makedirs(destDir)
destName = destPrefix + fileNoExt + ".wav"
destPath = destDir + "/" + destName
#print(destPath)
if ext == ".mp3":
data = AudioSegment.from_mp3(srcPath)
else:
return None
data.export(destPath, format = "wav")
return destPath参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/xingshansi/p/6799994.html https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10252078 https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_29198395/article/details/86694365
def playThreadWav(self, path, index):
if self.__alsaDev:
self.__alsaDev.close()
print("alsa playback wav thread run: %d" % index)
with wave.open(path, 'rb') as f:
self.__rate = f.getframerate()
self.__channels = f.getnchannels()
self.__depthBits = f.getsampwidth() * 8
self.__format = self.bitsToFormat(self.__depthBits)
self.__periodSize = int(self.__rate / 100)
try:
self.__alsaDev = alsaaudio.PCM(type = alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK,
mode = alsaaudio.PCM_NORMAL,
rate = self.__rate,
channels = self.__channels,
format = self.__format,
periodsize = self.__periodSize,
device = "plughw:" + self.__devName)
except Exception as e:
print("alsaaudio open exception: ", e)
if self.__alsaDev is None:
print("open alsa audio device failed")
self.clearThreadParam(index)
return "finished"
data = f.readframes(self.__periodSize)
while data and self.__eStop == False:
try:
self.__alsaDev.write(data)
except ALSAAudioError as e:
print("alsa audio play except: ", e)
break
data = f.readframes(self.__periodSize)
self.afterThreadComplete(index)
return "finished"
def clearThreadParam(self, index):
del self.__poolDict[index]
self.__rate = 0
self.__channels = 0
self.__depthBits = 0
self.__format = 0
self.__periodSize = 0
def afterThreadComplete(self, index):
self.__alsaDev.close()
self.__alsaDev = None
if index in self.__hookDict:
if self.__eStop != True:
self.__hookDict[index]()
del self.__hookDict[index]
self.clearThreadParam(index)
参考： https://www.programcreek.com/python/example/91453/alsaaudio.PCM
(file, ext) = os.path.splitext(path)
wavPath = file + ".wav"
EspAudioUtil.pcmToWave(path, wavPath, rate, channels, bits)
os.remove(path)参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16111038/how-to-convert-pcm-files-to-wav-files-scripting
@staticmethod
def pcmExtractOneChannal(multiChannArray, channels, index):
array = multiChannArray
array.shape = -1, channels
array = array.T
return array[index]
@staticmethod
def pcmExtractOneChannalFile(multiPath, channels, index, dataBits, onePath):
audioData = None
if dataBits == 16:
dataType = np.uint16
with open(multiPath, 'rb') as f:
audioData = np.fromfile(f, dtype = dataType)
oneData = __class__.pcmExtractOneChannal(audioData, channels, index)
oneData.tofile(onePath)
@staticmethod
def pcmExtractOneChannalBinary(multiBinary, channels, index, dataBits):
audioData = None
if dataBits == 16:
dataType = np.uint16
audioData = np.fromstring(multiBinary, dtype = dataType)
oneData = __class__.pcmExtractOneChannal(audioData, channels, index)
return oneData.tobytes()参考： https://www.pythonf.cn/read/128012
@staticmethod
def pcmToWave(pcmPath, wavPath, rate, channels, depthBits):
with open(pcmPath, "rb") as pcmFile:
print("pcm open")
pcmData = pcmFile.read()
with wave.open(wavPath, "wb") as wavFile:
print(channels, int(depthBits / 8), rate)
print(len(pcmData))
wavFile.setparams((channels, int(depthBits / 8), rate, 0, 'NONE', 'NONE'))
wavFile.writeframes(pcmData)
@staticmethod
def waveToPCM(wavPath, pcmPath, dataBits = 16):
if dataBits == 16:
dataType = np.uint16
with open(wavPath, 'rb') as f:
f.seek(0)
f.read(44)
data = np.fromfile(f, dtype = dataType)
data.tofile(pcmPath)
with wave.open(wavPath, 'rb') as f:
return f.getparams()参考： https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_37816910/article/details/105054372 https://docs.python.org/3/library/wave.html
参考： https://www.coder.work/article/1269314
cmd = "AUDIODEV=hw:realtekrt5651co play ~/esp_run/speech/test.wav"
sub = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell = True)
print(sub.poll())
time.sleep(5)
print("kill")
print(time.time())
sub.kill() #sub.send_signal(signal.SIGKILL)
# sub.wait()
print(time.time())
print(sub.poll())
sub = subprocess.Popen("stty echo", shell = True)stty sane来恢复。
def searchDir(path, dirName):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
if dirName in dirs:
return os.path.join(root, dirName)
return None
def searchFile(path, fileName):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
if fileName in files:
return os.path.join(root, fileName)def assembleDepends(path):
cmd = 'grep -R "import" ' + path
f = os.popen(cmd)
data = f.readlines()
f.close()
#print(data)
dependDict = {}
if data != None:
for line in data:
lineData = line[line.find(":") + 1 : ]
if lineData.startswith("#"):
continue
print(lineData)
dependList = []
if lineData.find("from") == -1:
lineData = lineData.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "")
dependList = lineData[lineData.find("import") + len("import") : ].split(",")
#print(dependList)
for depend in dependList:
if depend.startswith("esp_"):
dependDict[depend] = 1
else:
start = lineData.find("from") + len("from") + 1
end = lineData.find("import")
lineData = lineData[start : end].strip()
#print(lineData)
if lineData.startswith("esp_"):
dependDict[lineData] = 1
#print(dependDict)
return dependDict
return None